The first parochial school in Kaunas was mentioned in 1473. [41] It was also an important Zionist centre. [110], In the late 20th century and early 21st century, buildings were built in Kaunas based on the projects of architects V. Adomavičius (e.g. [28], After the unsuccessful January Uprising against the Russian Empire, tsarist authority moved the Catholic Seminary of Varniai, prominent bishop Motiejus Valančius and Samogitian diocese institutions to Kaunas, where they were given the former Bernardine Monastery Palace and St. George the Martyr Church. 4, Kaunas 44280, Lithuania. [73] Nazi Germany established the Reichskommissariat Ostland in the Baltic states and much of Belarus, and the administrative centre for Lithuania (Generalbezirk Litauen) was in Kaunas ruled by a Generalkommissar Adrian von Renteln. Already in July, in a conversation the Tilsit Nazi Gestapo agent Dr Heinz Gräfe clearly stated to Stasys Raštikis that the Provisional Government was formed without German knowledge. The first golf club "Elnias" in Lithuania was opened in Kaunas in 2000. There’s always a decision to be made when looking for a hotel in a new place. [157] The first new trolleybuses Škoda 26Tr Solaris were publicly introduced on 30 September 2019. [77] The fleeing Jews were refugees from German-occupied Western Poland and Soviet-occupied Eastern Poland, as well as residents of Kaunas and other Lithuania territories. sukilimas? Get directions, maps, and traffic for Kaunas, Kaunas County. Kaunas County is one of the ten counties of Lithuania. After visiting Estonia and Latvia a couple of years ago, I had one more Baltic country left to see. In 1362, the castle was captured after a siege and destroyed by the Teutonic Order. [1] Central Kaunas is defined by two pedestrian streets: the 2-km-long Laisvės alėja (Liberty Avenue), a central street of the city, lined by linden trees and decorated with flower beds. Prominent features of the Old Town include Kaunas Castle, the Town Hall, and the historical Presidential Palace. [168] Now the Kaunas County Public Library holds more than 2.2 million volumes in its collection and functions as a depository library of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Kaunas also is linked to Vilnius to its east and Klaipėda, on the Baltic Sea, via the A1 motorway and Daugavpils (Latvia), via E262(A6) highway. [48] President Antanas Smetona categorically declined to accept most of the ultimatum demands, argued for military resistance and was supported by Kazys Musteikis, Konstantinas Šakenis, Kazimieras Jokantas, however the Commander of the Armed Forces Vincas Vitkauskas, Divisional general Stasys Raštikis, Kazys Bizauskas, Antanas Merkys and most of the Lithuanian Government members decided that it would be impossible, especially due to the previously stationed Soviet soldiers, and accepted the ultimatum. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished.[3]. A yacht club operates in the Kaunas Reservoir Regional Park. On 30 June 1993, the historical coat of arms of Kaunas city was re-established by a special presidential decree. Some notable changes are under construction and in the stage of disputes. The stone buildings, however, also burned down so the Town Hall that stands today was constructed in a more advanced way, which took from 1771 to 1780. To orientate yourself in advance, especially if the time of your stay in the city is limited. Kaunas University of Technology is a public research university located in Kaunas, Lithuania. The company still exists and have its boats in working condition. It could be described as a city that never accepted its role as the second city in the country. The best view of the Old Town and its numerous church towers can be seen from the Aleksotas Hill. The Old Town of Kaunas is located at the confluence of the Nemunas and Neris Rivers where old architectural monuments and other historical buildings are located. [12], The Kaunas city's name is of Lithuanian origin and most likely derives from a personal name.[13]. Kaunas also has a greater coat of arms, which is mainly used for purposes of Kaunas city representation. Under the direction of the mayor Jonas Vileišis (1921–1931) Kaunas grew rapidly and was extensively modernised. In 1950 it was abolished, and the Kaunas province (sritis) was established. A hill fort mound in Kaunas is named Napoleon's Hill. Some of the best examples of cultural life in Kaunas are theatres of various styles: The city plan is mixed. Check flight prices and hotel availability for your visit. S.Dariaus and S.Girėno Stadium is also used as the only large athletics stadium in Lithuania. Members of the Provisional Government then went as a body to the Garden of the Vytautas the Great War Museum, where they laid a wreath near the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in the presence of numerous audience. The resources of thoroughly explored anhydrite in the Pagiriai deposit amount to 81.5 million tons. states: "The Lithuanian Activist Front, by restoring the new Lithuania, is determined to carry out an immediate and fundamental purging of the Lithuanian nation and its land of Jews ...". Places nearby are Aleksotas, Šilainiai and Eiguliai. It was reorganized into a college in 1653. [61] But the Provisional Government did little to stop the anti-Jewish violence encouraged by the Nazis and the anti-Semitic leadership of the Lithuanian Activist Front. [138], In October 2017, an automotive parts and technologies manufacturer Continental AG decided to invest over 95 million euros to build a new factory in Kaunas, which is the largest direct investment from a foreign country. Kaunas History. Kunas got the land where Kaunas now stands. New residential areas were built (e.g. Send money internationally, transfer money to friends and family, pay bills in person and more at a Western Union location in Kaunas, Kaunas County. ). We have reviews of the best places to see in Kaunas. and signatures. In 1862, a railway connecting the Russian Empire and Imperial Germany was built, making Kaunas a significant railway hub with one of the first railway tunnels in the Empire, completed in 1861. [110] The styles of Classicism and Modernism intertwined in buildings built in the beginning of 1930s (e.g. In strict conspiracy, Catholic priest Sigitas Tamkevičius (now the Archbishop Metropolitan of Kaunas) implemented this idea and its first issue was published in the Alytus district on 19 March 1972. The streets in Old Town have been turned to pedestrian sidewalks, so it is best to tour the place by foot. According to the archeological excavations, the richest collections of ceramics and other artifacts found at the confluence of the Nemunas and the Neris rivers are from the second and first millennium BC. [169], Kaunas is best known for the Kaunas Jazz Festival, International Operetta Festival, Photo Art Festival "Kaunas photo" or Pažaislis music festival, which usually run from early June until late August each year. These Romans were supposedly led by a patrician named Palemon, who had three sons: Barcus, Kunas and Sperus. A LED lighting assembly plant was opened in Kaunas by South Korean company LK Technology in February 2011. As 2019 is coming to an end, it has been noted that, in terms of the number of passengers served … However, we are ready to answer your questions and help (I-V 9.00-18.00; VI 10.00-16.00; VII 10.00-15.00) Please contact us at info@kaunasin.lt, phone number +370 616 23828 or +370 616 50991 For Nazi concentration camp, see, Significant depictions in popular culture, I. Žiemele. The aurochs was the original heraldic symbol of the city, established in 1400. The airport is located in the central part of the country, 14 km northeast of the Kaunas city center. [31] They established numerous schools and synagogues, and were important for centuries to the culture and business of the city. [citation needed] The National Football Academy—the national centre for the training of the best Lithuanian young players of football was established in Kaunas in 2006. No trip to Lithuania would be complete without visiting Kaunas, the country’s second largest city and former temporary capital. The young Lithuanian state enthusiastically pledges to contribute to the organization of Europe on a new basis in front of the whole world innocent conscience. Kaunas Airport (Lithuanian: Kauno tarptautinis oro uostas), (IATA: KUN, ICAO: EYKA) is the second-busiest civil airport in Lithuania after Vilnius Airport and the fourth-busiest in the Baltic states.The airport is located in the central part of the country, 14 km (8.7 mi) northeast of the Kaunas city centre and 100 km west from the capital Vilnius [68] A day later the main forces marched into the city without obstruction and almost as if they were on parade. Visit top-rated & … The Town Hall is still a center of culture today, it holds weddings and is the home of the Museum of Ceramics.[105]. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. During that period Kaunas was celebrated for its rich cultural and academic life, fashion, construction of countless Art Deco and Lithuanian National Romanticism architectural-style buildings as well as popular furniture, the interior design of the time, and a widespread café culture. [153] In 2015, Kauno autobusai bought four Van Hool AGG300 to serve the mostly populated 37th route. At the time, qualified workers there were earning very similar real wages to workers in Germany, Italy, Switzerland and France, the country also had a surprisingly high natural increase in population of 9.7 and the industrial production of Lithuania increased by 160% from 1913 to 1940. The current Provisional Government should be transformed into a National Committee or Council under the German military authority. Other institutes of higher education are: Kaunas has also a large number of public and private basic and secondary schools, as well as kindergartens and nurseries. He built a fortress near the confluence of the Nemunas and Neris rivers, and the city that grew up there was named after him. [55], After the occupation, the Soviets immediately took brutal action against the high-ranking officials of the state. [72] On 17 July 1941 the German civil administration was established. Rotušės a. [27], Kovno Governorate, with a centre in Kovno (Kaunas), was formed in 1843. During that time, people settled in some territories of the present Kaunas: the confluence of the two longest rivers of Lithuania area, Eiguliai, Lampėdžiai, Linkuva, Kaniūkai, Marvelė, Pajiesys, Romainiai, Petrašiūnai, Sargėnai, and Veršvai sites. Ice hockey was first played in Lithuania in 1922. International route connecting Kaliningrad, Russia and Kharkiv, Ukraine, also crosses Kaunas. The Kazlų Rūda Forest,[100] west of Kaunas, create a microclimate around the city, regulating humidity and temperature of the air, and protecting it from strong westerly winds. A Chronicle of the Events of January 1991 and Later Months, which were a critical part of the remaining free media", "Kaunas of 1919–1940, Lithuania – Creative Europe – European Commission", "Kaunas Was Awarded a European Heritage Label", "UNESCO pripažinimo besiekiant: 10 vertingiausių Kauno modernizmo architektūros perliukų", "Kaunas 1919-1939: The Capital Inspired by the Modern Movement", "Kaunas paskelbtas 2022-ųjų Europos kultūros sostine", "Paaiškėjo Kauno M.K. Kaunas Picture Gallery, 1978, Mykolas Žilinskas Art Gallery, 1989), educational institutions (e.g. Kaunas is located in Lithuania in the time zone Europe / Vilnius. The Town Hall was originally built with wooden frames, however, after numerous fires in 1542 they began to construct buildings with stone. Kaunas Bus Station reconstruction, 2017), G. Natkevičius (e.g. Shortly afterwards, on 17 June 1940 the puppet People's Government of Lithuania was formed, which consistently destroyed Lithuanian society and political institutions and opened the way for the Communist Party to establish itself. As defined by Eurostat, the population of Kaunas functional urban area, that stretches beyond the city limits, is estimated at 383,764 (as of 2017),[11] while according to statistics of Kaunas territorial health insurance fund, there are 437,283 permanent inhabitants (as of 2018) in Kaunas city and Kaunas district municipalities combined. The Black Death struck the area in 1657 and 1708, killing many residents. The military coup d'état took place in Kaunas on 17 December 1926. Near the bus station, Magnus Hotel The city of Kaunas has a number of parks and public open spaces. It is in the centre of the country, and its capital is Kaunas. The city is the capital of Kaunas County, and the seat of the Kaunas city municipality and the Kaunas District Municipality. Currently, Kaunas Public Logistics Centre is being built by the demand of national state-owned railway company Lithuanian Railways. The Kronika started a new phase of resistance in the life of Lithuania's Catholic Church and of all Lithuania fighting against the occupation by making known to the world the violation of the human rights and freedoms in Lithuania for almost two decades. The rectangular old town at the confluence of the Nemunas and the Neris rivers is rich in valuable buildings and their complexes. Find what to do today, this weekend, or in January. Kaunas hotels are all affordable and even cheap by other European city standards. [130], The Lithuanian Central Credit Union—national cooperative federation for credit unions established in 2001, is located in Kaunas. The only professional circus organisation in Lithuania—the Baltic Circus was founded in Kaunas in 1995. Airports - Kaunas International Airport is the second-busiest civil airport in Lithuania after Vilnius Airport. Antanas Gustaitis, Kazys Bizauskas, Vytautas Petrulis, Kazimieras Jokantas, Jonas Masiliūnas, Antanas Tamošaitis also faced the fate of execution, while President Aleksandras Stulginskis, Juozas Urbšys, Leonas Bistras, Antanas Merkys, Pranas Dovydaitis, Petras Klimas, Donatas Malinauskas and thousands of others were deported. It devotes 7.3% of its total land acreage to parkland. Lithuania (/ ˌ l ɪ θj u ˈ eɪ n i ə / LITH-ew-AY-nee-ə; Lithuanian: Lietuva [lʲɪɛtʊˈvɐ]), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Respublika), is a country in the Northern and Baltic region of Europe.Lithuania is one of the Baltic states. Visitors can easily reach Kaunas from Vilnius via a quick an inexpensive train ride, making it an easy, educational, and fun day trip. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was ended. The 2011 census found that 84% of the population was ethnic Lithuanians who spoke Lithuanian. Initially established on January 27, 1920, the school was known as "Higher Courses". J. Vileišis maintained many contacts in other European cities, and as a result Kaunas was an active participant in European urban life. VšĮ „Kaunas IN“ Legal form - Public Institution. [81] Nazi authorities took advantage of the Lithuanian TDA Battalions and established a concentration camp at the Seventh Fort, one of the city's ten historic forts, and 4,000 Jews were rounded up and murdered there. [59] In 1941, Kazys Škirpa, Leonas Prapuolenis, Juozas Ambrazevičius and their supporters, including the former Commander of the Lithuanian Army General Stasys Raštikis, whose whole family was deported to Siberia, began organizing an uprising. [19], A settlement had been established on the site of the current Kaunas old town, at the confluence of two large rivers, at least by the 10th century AD. First railway connection passing through Kaunas was constructed in 1859–1861 and opened in 1862. The Provisional Government hoped that the Germans would re-establish Lithuanian independence or at least allow some degree of autonomy (similar to the Slovak Republic), was seeking the protection of its citizens and did not support the Nazis' Holocaust policy. Prior to the Second World War, Kaunas, like many cities in eastern Europe, had a significant Jewish population. Kauno karo komendantūros Tautinio darbo batalionas 1941 m.", "Trove of Everyday Items Reveals Lithuania's Dark Holocaust Secret", "Lithuanians – History and Cultural Relations", "The Chronicle of the Catholic Church in Lithuania. The Lithuanian Armed Forces were ordered not to resist and the Lithuanian Air Force remained on the ground. This page was last edited on 13 January 2021, at 15:48. [156] The new Mercedes-Benz minibuses were introduced on 2 September 2019. Lithuania is located on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea and on the southeast of Denmark and Sweden. Probably the longest established festival is the International Modern Dance Festival, which first ran in 1989. [92][93] On 10 January 2017 Kaunas interwar modern architecture was included in the UNESCO World Heritage Site Tentative List. There used to be a hydrofoil route serving Nida port through Nemunas and across Curonian Lagoon. Lithuania. Esperanto: La Distrikto Kaunas estas unu el dek administraj distriktoj de Litovio, kaj troviĝas en la centro de la ŝtato. The Yiddish name is קאָװנע Kovne, and the names in German include Kaunas and Kauen. [133] Kaunas Free Economic Zone[134] established in 1996 has also attracted some investors from abroad, including the development of the new 200 MW Cogeneration Power Plant project, proposed by the Finnish capital company Fortum Heat Lithuania. [135] Before its disestablishment, Air Lithuania had its head office in Kaunas. [85] On All Souls' Day in 1956, the first public anti-Soviet protest rally took place in Kaunas: citizens burned candles in the Kaunas military cemetery and sang national songs, resulting in clashes with the Militsiya. The Provisional Government, not agreeing to continue to be an instrument of the German occupiers, disbanded itself on 5 August 1941 after signing a protest for the Germans action of suspending the Lithuanian Government powers. In addition, the city also has large construction industry which includes, but is not limited to commercial, housing and road construction. It has been repeatedly discontinued and reopened, so the most current status is unclear. There are a lot of them. [61], Multiple Red Army divisions stationed around Kaunas, including the brutal 1st Motor Rifle Division NKVD responsible for the June deportation, and the puppet Lithuanian SSR regime commanders were forced to flee into the Latvian SSR through the Daugava river. [96] On 28 September 2017 the winner of the M. K. Čiurlionis Concert Centre architectural competition was announced and the centre is planned to be completed by 2022, close to the Vytautas the Great Bridge.[97]. Because of its latitude, daylight in Kaunas extends 17 hours in midsummer, to only around 7 hours in midwinter. 2002, Vol. Kaunas is located at the confluence of the two largest Lithuanian rivers, the Nemunas and the Neris, and is near the Kaunas Reservoir, the largest body of water in the whole of Lithuania. [116][110] The most notable Rationalism style buildings in Kaunas are: Christ's Resurrection Church (construction began in 1933, but was converted into a radio factory from 1952, therefore it was returned to the believers only in 1990 and was reconstructed in 2005), palaces of Pienocentras (architects Vytautas Landsbergis-Žemkalnis, K. Reisonas), Pažangos with Art Deco decoration elements (architect F. Vizbaras), Physical Culture (architect V. Landsbergis‑Žemkalnis, now belongs to the Lithuanian Sports University), Prekybos, pramonės ir amatų (1938, architect V. Landsbergis‑Žemkalnis), Taupomųjų kasų (1939; architects A. Funkas, B. Elsbergas, A. Lukošaitis; now is the primary building of Kaunas City Municipality);[110] Church of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus (1938; architect A. Šalkauskis), Military Research Laboratory for the Lithuanian Ministry of National Defense (1938; architect V. Landsbergis‑Žemkalnis; now Faculty of Chemical Technology at Kaunas University of Technology),[117] Kaunas Clinics complex (1939; French architect U. Cassan), Kaunas Sports Hall (1939; engineer A. Rozenbliumas), Pasaka Cinema (1939), Romuva Cinema (1940), residential houses complex in V. Putvinskio Street (formed in 1928–1937). It was largely organized by the military, especially general Povilas Plechavičius, and resulted in the replacement of the democratically elected Government and President Kazys Grinius with a conservative nationalist authoritarian Government led by Antanas Smetona. [23] In 1441 Kaunas joined the Hanseatic League, and Hansa merchant office Kontor was opened—the only one in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In a few days, with the help of aides, Zwartendijk produced over 2,200 visas for Jews to Curaçao. 15 will be closed. [22] Vytautas ceded Kaunas the right to own the scales used for weighing the goods brought to the city or packed on site, wax processing, and woolen cloth-trimming facilities. During the French invasion of Russia in 1812, the Grand Army of Napoleon passed through Kaunas twice, devastating the city both times. After the proclamation of Lithuanian independence in 1990, Soviet attempts to suppress the rebellion focused on the Sitkūnai Radio Station. Soviet authorities confiscated the property of many Jews, while hundreds were exiled to Siberia. [61] He approached the Kaunas War Field Commandant General Oswald Pohl and the Military Command Representative General Karl von Roques by trying to plead for him to spare the Jews, however they replied that the Gestapo is handling these issues and that they cannot help. After the services, 200,000 persons gathered in the centre of Kaunas to participate in the dedication of a new monument to freedom to replace the monument that had been torn down by the Soviet authorities after World War II.[88]. It is the most important road connection between the Baltic states. Where To Stay In Kaunas. Kaunas has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb) with an average annual temperature of approximately 6 °C (43 °F). An old legend claims that Kaunas was established by the Romans in ancient times. [139], Kaunas is also known for its programmers, as they developed a software for the American billionaire Robert Pera's Ubiquiti Networks product NanoStation, therefore the company established a R&D division Ubiquiti Networks Europe in Kaunas. Municipalities. [132] JSC "Baltic car equipment" is one of the leaders in Baltic countries, in the field of manufacturing electronic equipment for automobiles. 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