Sci. The 16S rRNA gene V4 variable region PCR primers 515/806 were used in single-step 30 cycles PCR using the HotStarTaqPlus Master Mix Kit (Qiagen, USA). (2011). (2018). Articles, Guangdong University of Technology, China. doi: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2016.06.006, Shehab, N. A., Ortiz-madina, J. F., Katuri, K., Hari, A. R., Logan, B. E., and Saikaly, P. E. (2017). The microbiota present in these samples was cultivated in seawater added with 2% Bazu petroleum as a carbon source. This review summarizes the autochthonous microorganisms selected as starters for the successful fermentation of vegetables and fruits. Energies 11:529. doi: 10.3390/en11030529, Gosavi, V. D., and Sharma, S. (2014). Samples were a mixture of saturated water and sediment (2:1 vol.:vol.) All experiments were conducted in a 500 ml glass three-electrode reactor containing 80% of real textile effluents and 20% of saline sediments. doi: 10.4236/ns.2012.41004, Lin, J., Ye, W., Huang, J., Ricard, B., Baltaru, M.-C., Greydanus, B., et al. Soil Type and Quantitative Relations Between Autochthonous and Zymogenous Microorganisms WANDA KACZMAREK Summary The object of this investigation was to elucidate whether the quantitative ratio of zymogenous to autochthonous microflora in the soil is a relatively stable value or whether it is characteristic ofadefinitesoil type.andhowitis influenced bytheinputofnu … Figure 5. 9 A classic example of this kind of bacteria would be Actinomycetes. Autochthonous microorganisms are primary producers (create own energy, for example, through photosynthesis. However, biological methods cannot guarantee the achievement of required results of the TDWW, as some of the dye molecules or other chemical components are hazardous and/or recalcitrant to microorganism-driven degradation. Low-cost electrode modification to upgrade the bioelectrocatalytic oxidation of tannery wastewater using acclimated activated sludge. (8.5%). In addition to Proteobacteria, the HSCE sample was hosted by other low-grade phyla, such as Firmicutes (6.8%), Cyanobacteria (5%), and Bacteroidetes (2%). The heterogeneous bacterial profile of the different biofilms occurs more clearly at species level. 7, 466–475. As example, TDWWS1 biofilm showed Proteobacteria (30.5%) > Bacteroidetes (17.43%) = Firmicutes (17.5%) > Actinobacteria (5.8%) > Chloroflexi (1.5%) = Planctomycetes (1.6%) > Thermotogae (0.35%). (B) Bacterial distribution at species level of samples from rTDWW, HSCE, and biofilms from a reactor containing TDWW and reactors containing 80% of TDWW and 20% of saline sediments (TDWWS1, TDWWS2, and TDWWS3). 256, 391–398. collected from the surface with a conductivity higher than 200 mS cm−1 (Askri et al., 2019). 52, 10698–e10708. Sampling natural biofilms: a new route to build efficient microbial anodes. doi: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2017.07.006, Jiang, M., Ye, K., Deng, J., Lin, J., Ye, W., Zhao, S., et al. By contrast, sample coming from HSCE was represented by various species of Proteobacteria with a predominance of Psychrobacter aquaticus (14.5%), Marinobacter sediminum (13.5%), Psychrobacter alimentarius (12.5%), Geobacter sulfurreducens (9.5%), Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus (9%), Geobacter metallireducens (9%), and Halomonas spp. A general review on various treatment methods fortextile wastewater. Indeed, previous work has shown the difficulty of electroactive biofilms to colonize the internal surfaces of felt electrode structures (Chong et al., 2019), especially when real effluents either viscous, highly charged with suspended solids, or very highly loaded with COD are used (Blanchet et al., 2016). doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.122, Ullery, M. L., and Logan, B. E. (2015). In this context, an earlier study by Askri et al. doi: 10.1021/es803549v, Ghaly, A. E., Ananthashankar, R., Alhattab, M., and Ramakrishnan, V. V. (2014). Sustain. Table 1. Preparation characterization of coagulation/flocculation behavior of a novel inorganic-organic hybrid polymer for reactive disperse dyes removal. A basic tutorial on cyclic voltammetry for the investigation of electroactive microbial biofilms. A platinum grid was used as the counter electrode (CE), and a saturated calomel reference electrode (+0.24 V/SHE) was located between the counter and the WEs. (2009). At this stage of progress, the exploitation of the anodic current flow generated is not investigated at all. Eng. 116, 85–94. Allochthonous microorganisms get energy from outside sources. Int. Hypersaline sediments used as inoculums were sampled from an extreme environment Chott El Djerid, located in the south of Tunisia (N 33°59′965″ and E 08°25′332″). autochthonous microorganisms. Examples of microorganisms include bacteria, archaea, algae, protozoa, and microscopic animals such as the dust mite.. ADVERTISEMENTS: Microorganisms which live in soil are algae, bacteria, actinomycetes, bacteriophages, protozoa, nema­todes and fungi (Fig. Arabian J. Sci. J. Hydr. It is only quantified in terms of bioelectrochemical kinetics, from the acquisition of the J = f(E) curves. Since this bioanode generated almost no current, it is not surprising to observe a low rate of colonization. 3:29e39, Grattieri, M., and Minteer, S. D. (2018). Figure 5B indicates that the relative abundances of bacteria at phylum level in TDWWS1, TDWWS2, and TDWWS3 biofilms are quite similar, whereas those in TDWW biofilm show some differences. Polarization potential has no effect on maximum current density produced by halotolerant bioanodes. 93, 154–168. 265, 122–128. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.01.056, Pannell, T. C., Goud, R. K., Schell, D. J., and Borole, A. P. (2016). Chong, P., Erable, B., and Bergel, A. This core was composed of three autochthonous strains, Achromobacter sp., C. acidovorans, D. gadei, and four allochthonous strains, P. aquaticus, G. sulfurreducens, G. metallireducens, and M. sediminum. Then, bioanode coupons were washed carefully with sterile physiological water after incubation and dried at ambient temperature overnight. Electroanalysis of microbial anodes for bioelectrochemical systems: basics, progress and perspectives. The purity [absorbance ratio (A260/A280)] and DNA concentration measurements (ng μl−1) were checked by Nanodrop. Energy 40, 6782–6791. Colonizing microorganisms were collected in the Performance of electrodialysis reversal and reverse osmosis for reclaiming wastewater from high-tech industrial parks in Taiwan: a pilot scale study. After 21 days of incubation, 57 microorganisms were isolated. Environ. 185, 106–115. These strains were also noticed in previous studies on microbial communities in textile wastewater (Meerbergen et al., 2016). TDWWS1 was colonized by a continuous biofilm settled between the surface fibers. Tenacious, resistant, and exoelectrogenic microorganisms used in bioelectrochemical systems (BES) can perform the dual function of degrading pollutants and recovering in the form of electrical energy, the energy resulting from the oxidation of these pollutants. This type of electroactive biofilm enveloping the carbon fibers is generally a feature of biofilms in hypersaline environments (Rousseau et al., 2014). Technol. The highest current densities obtained by BES fed with real industrial effluents were 10.7 and 10.3 A/m2 where biorefinery (Pannell et al., 2016) and brewery wastewaters (Yu et al., 2015) have been used, respectively. Previous studies have demonstrated that the bacterial phyla Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Chloroflexi were more abundant in samples from textile wastewater (Meerbergen et al., 2016). doi: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.04.029, Pant, D., Van Bogaert, G., Diels, L., and Vanbroekhoven, K. (2010). The lack of agitation of the reaction medium, the hydrophobicity of the carbon felt, and the low growth rate of microorganisms in the textile wastewater are certainly individual or combined tracks that can partly justify the low internal colonization rate of the 3D felt electrodes. Soil Algae: Soil algae (both prokaryotes and eukaryotes) luxuri­antly grow where adequate amount of moisture and light are present. Electrochem. Carbon felt WEs possibly covered with HSCE and/or TDWW microorganisms were removed from the reactors and imaged by epifluorescence microscopy (Figure 3). Common crawl. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2014.12.057, Chandrakant, R. H., Ananda, J. J., Dipak, V. P., Naresh, M. M., and Aniruddha, B. Evaluation of microbial proliferation on the outer surface of carbon felt electrodes by epifluorescence microscopy imaging. Power densities microbial communities of brewery wastewater-fed microbial fuel cells according to the initial substrates. Therefore, we concluded that these results provide for the first time a new noteworthy alternative for achieving treatment and recover energy, in the form of a high electric current, from real saline TDWW. Chronoamperometric (CA) maximum current densities of the halothermotolerant biofilms were carried out as indicated in the previous study by Askri et al. doi: 10.4172/2157-7048.1000182, González-Muñoz, M., Dominguez-Benetton, X., Domínguez-Maldonado, J., Valdés-Lozano, D., Pacheco-Catalán, D., Ortega-Morales, O., et al. 3, 1993–e2001. (5.8–15.7%) as autochthonous species (and not found in HSCE) were also abundant in TDWWS1, TDWWS2, and TDWWS3 biofilms. Concerning the visible oxidation current for potentials higher than −0.4 V/SCE, it is constantly increasing from −0.4 to −0.1 V or even 0.0 V/SCE. However, the Proteobacteria phylum shows a bacterial profile with the enrichment of Pseudomonas sp. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.02.025, Erable, B., Byrne, N., Etcheverry, L., Achouak, W., and Bergel, A. HC, RA, BE, and AC: manuscript preparation and revision. The current density even tends to decrease over this anode potential range in the case of Figures 2B,D because the scanning speed is certainly too fast to ensure a steady state of bacterial metabolic phenomena limiting the production of the electron flow. By comparing the bacterial community of these three biofilms to that hosted TDWW, considered as a control, we found that TDWW harbored less bacteria belonging to the Proteobacteria (9.47%) and Bacteroidetes (3.22%) phyla. To study global biofilm structure at the end of experiments, WEs covered by HSCE and/or TDWW microorganisms were removed from the reactors and immediately stained with acridine orange 0.01% (A6014 Sigma) for 10 min. J. Chem. This biofilm (TDWW) composed only of autochthonous bacteria was not electrochemically effective, as shown in Figure 1. Biotechnol., 17 December 2020 239, 82–86. (2009). Despite the use of high-tech equipment and modern technologies, it remains among the highest water consuming industries. Metagenomic analysis demonstrated significant differences in bacterial diversity mainly at species level between anodic biofilms incorporating allochthonous and autochthonous bacteria and anodic biofilm containing only autochthonous bacteria as a control. 4, 22–26. Bioresour. (8.33%). *Correspondence: Habib Chouchane, chouchane12habib@gmail.com; Benjamin Erable, benjamin.erable@ensiacet.fr, Front. Microorganisms differ from each other not only in size, but also in structure, habitat, metabolism, and many other characteristics. (2016), Rousseau et al. Figure 2. doi: 10.1007/s00792-018-1040-9, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar. The authors gratefully thank the European commission, the French ANR (ANR-15-NMED-0010), and the Ministry of High Education and Scientific Research of the Tunisian Republic (grant number LR11ES31) for their financial support within the framework of the WE-MET project (ERANETMED 2015 European call 14-035). J. Env. Extremophiles. Humber Bay Cleaning Company. https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/autochthonous+microorganism. Renew. Assessing the composition of microbial communities in textile wastewater treatment plants in comparison with municipal wastewater treatment plants. This work is the first to demonstrate the potential to develop a novel halothermotolerant bioanode incorporating allochthonous and autochthonous bacteria from both hypersaline sediment and TDWW. The four bioanodes grown at this polarization potential are referred to as TDWW, TDWWS1, TDWWS2, and TDWWS3 all through the figures and text. Allochthonous microorganisms get energy from outside sources. Then, it is essential to isolate and evaluate, The mineral water rational use is largely determined by its physical and chemical composition, sanitary and microbiological status, the presence of, Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary, the webmaster's page for free fun content, Levaduras autoctonas como factores de crecimiento en Rhamdia quelen: primeras aproximaciones, Metabolic capacities of three strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa to biodegrade crude oil, Development of method for the mineral water catalase activity determination, Molecular and technological characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from natural fermentation of Susumaniello grape must in Apulia, southern Italy. 12:4. doi: 10.1186/1475-2867-12-4, Berkessa, Y. W., Yan, B., Li, T., Jegatheesan, V., and Zhang, Y. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.044, Xie, S., Lawlor, P. G., Frost, J. P., Hari, A. P., Amy, G., Logan, B. E., et al. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.097, Blanchet, E., Erable, B., De Solan, M. L., and Bergel, A. Allochthonous is an antonym of autochthonous. All authors: contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. One of the objectives was the optimisation of the living conditions of the autochthone microorganisms taking advantage of their capability to degrade pollutants. Strikingly, high current production was obtained (12.5 ± 0.2 A/m2) with biofilms (TDWWS1, TDWWS2, and TDWWS3) incorporated by both bacteria from HSCE and TDWW samples. […] (2014). Chem. At species level, the most abundant bacteria in TDWW biofilm were D. gadei (19.04%), Pseudomonas sp. All the experiments of halothermotolerant bioanode formation have been conducted on 6 cm2 carbon felt electrodes polarized at −0.1 V/SCE and inoculated with 80% of TDWW and 20% of HSCE for 17 days at 45°C. Previous works have shown that the performance of bioanode systems is basically inversely proportional to the complexity of the substrate as in the case of TDWW (Pant et al., 2010; Pandey et al., 2016; Heidrich et al., 2018). J. doi: 10.1039/C4CP01698J, Rousseau, R., Santaella, C., Achouak, W., Godon, J. J., Bonnafous, A., Bergel, A., et al. ACS Sustain. doi: 10.1016/S1364-0321(99)00014-3, Rimboud, M., Pocaznoi, D., Erable, B., and Bergel, A. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was performed in situ between −0.6 and 0.3 V/SCE at a scan rate of 1 mV.S−1. Production, characterization and treatment of textile effluents: a critical review. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.09.012, Vijay, A., Arora, S., Gupta, S., and Chhabra, M. (2018). Remarkably, the maximal current performance reached during the experiments was almost the same for the three bioanodes TDWWS1, TDWWS2, and TDWWS3. (2012). 289:121641. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121641, Chouchane, H., Mahjoubi, M., Neifar, M., and Cherif, A. These microorganisms have been often under-appreciated and under-studied. Technol. The bio-geochemical cycle, such as the nitrogen cycle is an important example of useful microorganisms. The mixture was divided into samples. However, we have also recently revealed that the physical structure of electroactive biofilms formed from sediments from HSCE, i.e., enveloping the fibers or distributed between the fibers, was not systematically a sign of improved or, on the contrary, decreased current production (Askri et al., 2019). For the TDWW, no noticeable change from its initial state is visible, confirming the total absence of development of an electroactive biofilm on the corresponding carbon felt electrode. Once the potential for electrical current generation and TDWW treatment of the halothermotolerant bioanodes had been proven via electrochemical and analytical tools, contributions of autochthonous microorganisms from TDWW and allochthonous from HSCE were investigated through comparative metagenomic analyses of biofilms, HSCE, and TDWW. (3.2–9.6%), and Micrococcus sp. Chem. 20, 125–138. Then, it is essential to isolate and evaluate autochthonous microorganisms as components of microbiological formulae with aquaculture purposes (5). Harmful Microorganisms Yu, J., Park, Y., Kim, B., and Lee, T. (2015). 102, 5728–e5733. Bioeng. Chem. Eng. TDWWS2 showed a non-homogeneous colonization of the carbon fibers. Samples of carbon felt WEs were TDWW that is a bioanode with very low current production (300 mA/m2) and TDWWS1, TDWWS2, and TDWWS3 that produced similar current densities of 12.5 ± 0.2 A/m2. Microbial fuel cells in saline and hypersaline environments: advancements, challenges and future perspectives. The poor accessibility to the porosity of the carbon felt is usually due to the clogging phenomena of the external pores of the electrode exerted by particles in suspension present in the wastewater (Blanchet et al., 2016). (2018). Here, the reproducibility of the TDWWS replicates observed from the first batch is to be underlined and certainly comes from the inexistence of competitive reactions due to the inhibition of non-electroactive microorganisms by the high salinity, the toxicity of the pollutants, and the possible presence of oxygen traces. In sum, the CV results clearly indicate the establishment of a biofilm with electrocatalytic properties on the carbon felt electrodes, as well as a successful enrichment of this electroactive biofilm with bacteria capable of using electron acceptor electrodes (Harnisch and Freguia, 2012; Rimboud et al., 2014). Temperature, inocula and substrate: contrasting electroactive consortia, diversity and performance in microbial fuel cells. (2017). Four microbial bioanodes were independently grown by chronoamperometry with a VSP multichannel potentiostat (Biologic SAS), setting the potential value of the WEs at −0.1 V/SCE. In this case, TDWWS1, TDWWS2, and TDWWS3 biofilms harbored autochthonous phyla from rTDWW represented in particular by Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Planctomycetes and allochthonous phyla from HSCE, such as Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Thermotogae. RA, BE, LE, and HC: performed bioelectrochemical experiments. J. Environ. Examples of relictual and autochthonous endemism among island taxa will be described and adaptive radiation among successful island colonizers will be emphasized. The invasion of bodily tissue by pathogenic microorganisms that proliferate ... with other people or by example. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Two-dimensional carbon cloth and three-dimensional carbon felt perform similarly to form bioanode fed with food waste. (2019) demonstrated the enrichment of efficient exoelectrogenic microorganisms from hypersaline sediment of Chott El Djerid (HSCE) able to produce a current density in the range of 7 A/m2 under combined high temperature and hypersaline conditions (temperature 45°C, salinity 165 g/L) using lactate as carbon source, i.e., anodic fuel. Adelaja, O., Keshavarz, T., and Kyazze, G. (2015). The constant electric polarization was maintained for 17 days, which is a reasonable amount of time to obtain matured bioanode on carbon based electrodes colonized by halo-exoelectrogenic bacteria (Erable et al., 2009; Rousseau et al., 2014; González-Muñoz et al., 2018; Askri et al., 2019). 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